The health and wellness of First Nations Peoples in Canada continues to be affected by ongoing and multigenerational consequences of colonialism. This presentation will provide an overview of Dr. Bombay’s research program that uses population data and community-based research to understand how the Indian residential school system and other harmful government policies continue to impact well-being in First Nations Peoples. Much of this research assesses the pathways through which the effects of collectively experienced stress and trauma can be transmitted across generations, as well as how cultural identity and engagement can protect against these negative outcomes and promote wellness.